Malnutrition


Malnutrition occurs when a person gets too much or too little of certain nutrients.

Undernutrition occurs when they lack nutrients because they eat too little food overall.

A person with undernutrition may lack vitamins, minerals, and other essential substances that their body needs to function.

Malnutrition can lead to:

  • short- and long-term health problems
  • slow recovery from wounds and illnesses
  • a higher risk of infection
  • difficulty focusing at work or school

Some deficiencies can trigger specific health problems. For example:

A lack of vitamin A

Around the world, many children develop vision problems due to a lack of vitamin A.

A lack of vitamin C

A lack of vitamin C can result in scurvy. Scurvy is rare in the United States, but it can develop if a person does not have a varied diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Older adults, young children, those who consume a lot of alcohol, and some people with certain mental health conditions may be particularly at risk.

An overall deficiency

Lacking all nutrients can lead to kwashiorkor, which is a “severe form of malnutrition.” One symptom of this condition is a distended abdomen.

Marasmus is another potential result of severe nutritional deficiency. A person with marasmus will have very little muscle or fat on their body.

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