Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurs when a person gets too much or too little of certain nutrients.
Undernutrition occurs when they lack nutrients because they eat too little food overall.
A person with undernutrition may lack vitamins, minerals, and other essential substances that their body needs to function.
Malnutrition can lead to:
- short- and long-term health problems
- slow recovery from wounds and illnesses
- a higher risk of infection
- difficulty focusing at work or school
Some deficiencies can trigger specific health problems. For example:
A lack of vitamin A
Around the world, many children develop vision problems due to a lack of vitamin A.
A lack of vitamin C
A lack of vitamin C can result in scurvy. Scurvy is rare in the United States, but it can develop if a person does not have a varied diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Older adults, young children, those who consume a lot of alcohol, and some people with certain mental health conditions may be particularly at risk.
An overall deficiency
Lacking all nutrients can lead to kwashiorkor, which is a “severe form of malnutrition.” One symptom of this condition is a distended abdomen.
Marasmus is another potential result of severe nutritional deficiency. A person with marasmus will have very little muscle or fat on their body.
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