Causes and Symptoms of Malnutrition

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Causes

Causes of malnutrition include inappropriate dietary choices, a low income, difficulty obtaining food, and various physical and mental health conditions.

Undernutrition is one type of malnutrition. It occurs when the body does not get enough food. It can lead to delayed growth, low weight, or wasting.

If a person does not get the right balance of nutrients, they can also have malnutrition. It is possible to have obesity with malnutrition.

When a person has too little food, a limited diet, or a condition that stops their body from obtaining the right balance of nutrients, it can have a severe impact on their health. In some cases, this can become life-threatening.

Symptoms

Some signs and symptoms of malnutrition include:

  • a lack of appetite or interest in food or drink
  • tiredness and irritability
  • an inability to concentrate
  • always feeling cold
  • depression
  • loss of fat, muscle mass, and body tissue
  • a higher risk of getting sick and taking longer to heal
  • longer healing time for wounds
  • a higher risk of complications after surgery

Eventually, a person may also experience difficulty breathing and heart failure.

In children, there may be:

  • a lack of growth and low body weight
  • tiredness and a lack of energy
  • irritability and anxiety
  • slow behavioral and intellectual development, possibly resulting in learning difficulties

Treatment is possible. In some cases, however, malnutrition can have long-term effects.


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